Ciprofloxacin 0.3 eye drop

These techniques are used to isolate fully differentiated primarycell populations for ciprofloxacin 0.3 eye drop subsequent experimental use. In some cases, these ciprofloxacin 0.3 eye drop primary cells can be grown or maintained in culture for a number of passages before eventually losing their differentiated characteristics (1). These cells can also be used to establish secondary cell lines where tumor characteristics can be studied in ciprofloxacin 0.3 eye drop vitro or if used within an animal model in vivo.

Prior to the development of these techniques, experiments ciprofloxacin 0.3 eye drop were limited to studies which used either intact organs, tissue extracted from induced animal tumors, or sections of human tumor. Currently, however, a broad range of models systems are available to investigate characteristics of ovarian cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Models of malignant and normal ovarian epithelium obtained from the human, rat, and mouse, have been described and their use has extended our knowledge of the properties of ovarian cancer cells (2). This over From: Methods in Molecular Medicine, Vol. 39: Ovarian Cancer: Methods and Protocols Edited by: J. view will briefly outline some of the model systems that are in use and their relative strengths and limitations. Clinical ciprofloxacin 0.3 eye drop Models Collections of tumors and patients series are the ultimate “clinical model,” however, although clinical studies offer valuable information into the nature of ovarian cancer, ciprofloxacin 0.3 eye drop the great complexity of these systems precludes any control of many of the factors that may affect the system under study. Tumors, as they arise in patients, comprise a genetically, nutritionally, and physiologically highly heterogeneous host group suffering from a broad range of disease pathologies, even within a single tumor group such as ovarian cancer, which is managed by diverse therapies.

Nonetheless, at all times the researcher should have in mind the true pathophysiological system, and work toward an ciprofloxacin 0.3 eye drop understanding of this system with the recognition that ultimately his or her work ciprofloxacin 0.3 eye drop must be relevant to the behavior of tumors in the patient. Tumor banks and observational studies have provided significant information relating to the expression and distribution of biological phenotypes within ciprofloxacin 0.3 eye drop the tumor population. They provide valuable insights into potential mechanisms for in vitro study and also test beds for the analysis of hypotheses developed in vitro. In Vitro Models In essence, in vitro systems are divided into three major categories: 1. In the first two systems, the objective is to isolate a single cell type, usually ciprofloxacin 0.3 eye drop the tumor cells, and to investigate their function in isolation from the complex interactions ciprofloxacin 0.3 eye drop that surround them. Coculture systems begin to approximate the in vivo system by “rebuilding” the interactions between, for example, stromal and tumor cells and allowing the investigation of interactions between multiple cell systems. The major advantage of culture systems is their simplicity. Tissueculture systems allow control of the environment within which the cells are growing, e. , purchase micardis hct drug high blood pressure no rx amount of growth hormones available to the culture and also monitoring of the ciprofloxacin 0.3 eye drop reaction of a culture to a particular treatment. A primary culture is one initiated from cells, tissues, or organs taken directly from an organism. Cells freshly isolated from a particular tissue may survive for days or months either dividing or nondividing before eventually dying, or may divide repeatedly requiring subculturing or passaging (3). If the primary cell culture, once established, continues to grow and divide, it is termed a primary cell line which may die after several passages or may become an established cell line with the apparent potential to be subcultured indefinitely. Refer to Chapter 14 for protocols that ciprofloxacin 0.3 eye drop describe how to establish ovarian cancer primary cell cultures from ascites, solid primary tumor, or metastatic deposits. There are several methods for establishing primary cultures, and this varies depending on the composition of the tissue (see Chapter 14) (3). Most tissue, however, can be desegregated by one of three techniques or a combination of these; physical disruption, enzymatic digestion, and treatment with chelating agents. Physical disruption is not often used alone, mainly because it is difficult to obtain a uniformed suspension without cell damage. It is, however, usually combined with enzymatic digestion or chelating agents. The most successful enzymes used to desegregate tissues are collagenase and trypsin. Trypsin is usually the enzyme of choice for separation of cells in established cultures, however, for initial isolation of cells, collagenase is more effective as some ciprofloxacin 0.3 eye drop tissues, especially from adult animals, are refractory to trypsin treatment because of their collagen content (1).